22 research outputs found

    Schwannoma of the seminal vesicle

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    A 61-year -old male presented with a five month history of atypical left lower quadrant abdominal discomfort. There was no relevant past medical history and routine laboratory tests and physical examination were unremarkable. Work up included an abdominal CT of the lower abdomen. It revealed a well-delineated left intrapelvic soft tissue mass with some low attenuation areas, indistinguishable of the left seminal vesicle (Fig. A). He subsequently underwent a MRI of the pelvis. Axial T2-weighted MRI (Fig. B) demonstrated a well encapsulated mass, indistinguishable of the left seminal vesicle and a normal appearance of the right seminal vesicle. Coronal T1-weighted MRI (Fig. C) with fat saturation after the injection of intravenous gadolinium revealed the avid contrast uptake of the lesion with a small non-enhancing cystic component. It also depicted the extrinsic compression of the mass on the sigmoid colon and rectum

    Sinus venosus ASD

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    A 32-year-old man presented at the cardiology department for a routine check-up. He had no symptoms, particularly no cardio - logical symptoms. Clinical examination and ECG revealed no abnormalities. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a mild dilatation of the right heart

    Eagle syndrome

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    A thirty-eight-year-old male patient was referred by the general practitioner to our department for recurrent throat pain radiating to head and neck for a few months. The pain was more prominent on the left side, especially during swallowing, and sometimes accompanied by a creaking noise and sensation of a ‘click’. Physical examination showed a slightly hard bulge on the left upper neck. Previous medical history was not helpful and laboratory findings were normal. Ultrasound of the neck, as a first investigation, showed no abnormalities. In addition, enhanced computed tomo - graphy of the neck was performed. Coronal reconstruction, as shown in Fig. A, revealed total ossification of the stylohyoid ligaments, from the origin on the styloid process to the insertion on the lesser horn of the hyoid bone, as well as enlargement of both styloid processes, more pronounced on the left. Pseudo-articulation between the left stylohyoid ligament and styloid process, also shown in Fig. A and more in detail on the three-dimensional reconstruction in Fig. B, caused the local swelling in the left upper neck. These radiographic findings accompanied by the patient’s complaints, is known as “Eagle Syndrome”. Because of the minor clinical repercussions, conservative treatment was optioned

    Left ventricular diverticulum: incidental finding on dual source cardiac ct

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    The purpose of this retrospective study is to describe the prevalence, size and location of left ventricular (LV) diverticulum- diverticuli on cardiac dual source CT. Dual source computed tomography cardiac angiography (DS CTCA) was performed in 482 patients. Where literature states their rare occurrence, this retrospective study demonstrates the fairly common finding of incidental LV diverticulum on DS CTCA examinations. LV diverticuli were found incidentally in 20 out of 482 patients (4.1%), a substantially higher incidence than previously reported. Although diverticuli were most common along the inferoseptal wall (45%) they also occurred in all parts of the left ventricular wall. Multiple diverticuli were found in 30% of patients. Dimensions of the LV diverticuli varied enormously. LV diverticuli are reported to be frequently associated with other congenital anomalies. Complications ranging from sudden death and heart failure to embolic events have been described in literature. No relevant associated anomaly or complication was present in the studied 20 patients. Our data support the hypothesis that LV diverticuli, incidentally found in adulthood, follow a benign course and can be managed conservatively. More knowledge is however required to understand history and prognosis about this condition

    The PELskin project: part II—investigating the physical coupling between flexible filaments in an oscillating flow

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    The fluid-structure interaction mechanisms of a coating composed of flexible flaps immersed in a periodically oscillating channel flow is here studied by means of numerical simulation, employing the Euler-Bernoulli equations to account for the flexibility of the structures. A set of passively actuated flaps have previously been demonstrated to deliver favourable aerodynamic impact when attached to a bluff body undergoing periodic vortex shedding. As such, the present configuration is identified to provide a useful test-bed to better understand this mechanism, thought to be linked to experimentally observed travelling waves. Having previously validated and elucidated the flow mechanism in Paper 1 of this series, we hereby undertake a more detailed analysis of spectra obtained for different natural frequency of structures and different configurations, in order to better characterize the mechanisms involved in the organized motion of the structures. Herein, this wave-like behaviour, observed at the tips of flexible structures via interaction with the fluid flow, is characterized by examining the time history of the filaments motion and the corresponding effects on the fluid flow, in terms of dynamics and frequency of the fluid velocity. Results indicate that the wave motion behaviour is associated with the formation of vortices in the gaps between the flaps, which itself are a function of the structural resistance to the cross flow. In addition, formation of vortices upstream of the leading and downstream of the trailing flap is seen, which interact with the formation of the shear-layer on top of the row. This leads to a phase shift in the wave-type motion along the row that resembles the observation in the cylinder case

    Consensus Paper: Radiological Biomarkers of Cerebellar Diseases

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    Hereditary and sporadic cerebellar ataxias represent a vast and still growing group of diseases whose diagnosis and differentiation cannot only rely on clinical evaluation. Brain imaging including magnetic resonance (MR) and nuclear medicine techniques allows for characterization of structural and functional abnormalities underlying symptomatic ataxias. These methods thus constitute a potential source of radiological biomarkers, which could be used to identify these diseases and differentiate subgroups of them, and to assess their severity and their evolution. Such biomarkers mainly comprise qualitative and quantitative data obtained from MR including proton spectroscopy, diffusion imaging, tractography, voxel-based morphometry, functional imaging during task execution or in a resting state, and from SPETC and PET with several radiotracers. In the current article, we aim to illustrate briefly some applications of these neuroimaging tools to evaluation of cerebellar disorders such as inherited cerebellar ataxia, fetal developmental malformations, and immune-mediated cerebellar diseases and of neurodegenerative or early-developing diseases, such as dementia and autism in which cerebellar involvement is an emerging feature. Although these radiological biomarkers appear promising and helpful to better understand ataxia-related anatomical and physiological impairments, to date, very few of them have turned out to be specific for a given ataxia with atrophy of the cerebellar system being the main and the most usual alteration being observed. Consequently, much remains to be done to establish sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of available MR and nuclear medicine features as diagnostic, progression and surrogate biomarkers in clinical routine

    Consensus Paper: Neuroimmune Mechanisms of Cerebellar Ataxias

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    MRI findings in acute cerebellitis

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